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Propaganda

Propaganda

Propaganda

Propaganda is “information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.” So you can say just about everything you see during the day is propaganda. The use of propaganda during wartime is almost as old as war itself and certainly has had its place in American Military History.

The examples that you see in the picture are from the Korean conflict. Pamphlets like these were disseminated to the general population to convince them that the UN/South Korean troops were the good guys. The goal was to either get people to fight, flee, or at least not support the enemy. There is an ongoing debate as to how effective it is or was during this conflict. Other times the effective use of propaganda has proven very valuable.

Before and during the American Revolution the use of propaganda was vital to sway people to the side of the rebels. Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston Massacre that took some liberties with events. The stories that surrounded young Jane McCrea led to the British defeat at Saratoga. Propaganda proved an invaluable tool in gaining the support needed to win the American Revolution.

Several times it was not just used to gain support for a war, but to actually get one started!

During the lead up to the Mexican War is an example. The administration was able to convince the people that Mexican soldiers had attacked American soldiers on American soil. (A dubious and purposeful claim that a young Abraham Lincoln took exception to.)

Don’t forget using the sinking of the USS Maine to throw us into war against Spain. There many more examples in our history. Now expand that to the rest of the world. It seems that propaganda is just as important as guns and money to starting, fighting and winning a war.

 

The Rising Sun

The Rising Sun

The Rising Sun

It is known by several names but the most widely used is Hinomaru, “circle of the sun”. Like many flags through history, it has seen its share of good and bad. This flag has represented  Japan since 1870.  Even before that the sun motif was used to represent Japan and the history of the Japanese people. During WWII it became a symbol of empire and domination. Since the end of the war, it has become a symbol of a past that many would soon forget.

It has been a long road since the war ended. Mainly among the Japanese themselves who turned away from their militaristic past and have tried to distance themselves from it. For a period the flag was seldom used, almost hidden from sight but once Japan sought to rejoin the world it could no longer be hidden raising the question on the validity of having such a symbol representing their nation.

Protests at home and abroad have sought the removal of the flag for generations now. The issues of displaying it in their schools have divided the people. In many places across the country, it is never seen flying, even on national holidays. Yet there are many that see it as a symbol of pride and strength, and while many wrongs were done under it they question the validity of attempting to erase the history that it represents.

In August 1999 the Diet, Japan’s ruling body, officially passed legislation making the Hinomaru the official national flag of Japan. It would seem that it was decided that the best way to avoid repeating the past is to never forget it.

 

Wednesday Words & Phrases: Casualty

Image result for Casualty
Hard to find an image for this word that isn’t sad or from a BBc TV show.

Casualty

This word is interesting in that it has three potential meanings.

First is as a person or thing that is lost injured or destroyed. Which is how you have probably heard it used the most. Someone who is lost or wounded in an event is usually counted as a casualty. It can also broadly mean “victim” with no real violence required. Someone who loses their job due to downsizing can be considered a “casualty” of declining fortunes.

The second, which we still hear from time to time, is defined as a serious or fatal accident. So the event itself. Which you may have seen when shopping for insurance. For example, the company named Bankers Life and Casualty Company or when reading your policy and you see the P&C line: Property and Casualty. if I fall down and break my leg at your house it would be covered under your casualty insurance.

The third one and the one that is the origin for all of them dates to the 15th century and means “chance or fortune”.  This can be traced to Late Middle English and all the way back to the Latin casualtias and casualis that translates to casual. Which kind of make sense.

So yes, when they give a list of casualties they are basically saying that the people were hurt by chance or mere fortune or at least casually. Yikes.

Battlefield Communications

Battlefield Communications

Battlefield Communications

Communication on the battlefield has always been a major concern of armies. In the early days, leaders could shout commands to their troops. Even with a relatively small number of men and close quarters, this became almost impossible.

Some armies developed a system of flags that could be waved during a battle that would pass on the orders of the general to their men. This increased the distance over which the commands could be given. It did rely on the men being able to see the flags. As the size of the battlefields grew the less valuable this method became.

Eventually, music became the standard. Drums and trumpets translated commands down the line and to anyone within earshot. Much more effective than flags, but as the size of armies grew so did the size of battlefields. Battles were being fought over miles now and even relaying orders from the leaders to the men either took too long or were too easily misunderstood.

During the Civil War, the telegraph changed everything. President Lincoln could stand in the War Office in Washington and get real-time updates of a battle in Tennessee. Heck if he wanted (and occasionally he did) he could give orders to Generals commanding on the front lines. (They loooved that.)

Fast forward a hundred years and the advent and proliferation of radios like the one above battles could be fought by men on one side of an ocean commanding men on the other.  Today we have satellites and near instantaneous communications with nearly any point on the globe. We’ve come a long way.

Wednesday Words & Phrases: Shebang

Shebang in Andersonville, GA

Shebang

Most likely you have heard the phrase “the whole shebang” before. Something like. “Wow, he made a mess of the whole shebang.” That use, meaning “a matter of concern” comes to us around 1869.

The first recorded use of shebang was in 1861. It referred to a small lean-to or shelter in a prisoner of war camp. For the most part during the Civil War prisoners were kept in enclosed spaces where they had to fend for themselves. Often they would dig a trench and use whatever the could to cover it. This became their home for the duration.

Where did shebang come from? There are two possibilities.  It could have come from Louisiana Confederates. Where it derived from the word chabane which means covered hut, lodge or cabin in French. It could have also come from the Irish word shebeen, a cabin where unlicensed liquor is sold and drunk. Either one sounds plausible. Based on the number of Irish that served in both armies during the war I would tend to lean towards the latter.

It would be my best guess that since everything a prisoner owned was kept in his shebang, after the war it became used in the form we know today.  Especially if used to mean the entirety of something. “They took care of the whole shebang.” “They left the entire shebang behind.’ Conjecture? Sure but gosh darn it sure does quack like a duck!

 

 

The First Post of 2018

 

I hope you all had a great holiday season. It was a great break and I feel that 2018 is going to be a breakthrough year.

We are still kind of working on the plans for the blog in the coming year. We may be making some format changes but nothing drastic. I mean after all we have been going for almost three and half years and doing so fairly strong.

One thing that some of you may have noticed towards the end of the year is that we started re-posting some of the stories from our early years. This was done for two reasons.

First reason was the schedule around the office got a little cramped and rather than skip posts, we felt that revisiting some of the classic posts would be a good way to keep the content going. This mean some revisions, some rewriting and just general polishing.

The second reason, and that sort of feeds into the revising has to do with SEO, Search Engine Optimization. Basically how we get found out on the Internet. In the early days our concern was posting content and we figured that the eyes would just naturally find us out in the wild. Hey, quit laughing, it made sense at the time.

With such a philosophy we published a lot of posts that had zero SEO, and as such, we never really took off that much with direct traffic. A few months ago we decided to focus more on that. As such all posts with new content are in fairly good SEO shape, but the old ones not so much. So as we launched revised posts we also updated the SEO on them

The results have been astounding. We are growing on the Internet like never before. It is that kind of growth that we are going to take into 2018.

Thank you all for you support and kind words.

Regular posts will start back up on Wednesday of this week.

 

The Weight of the World

Average Weight Carried by a Union Soldier

The Weight of the World

A soldier during the Civil War. heck all wars, have to carry their entire world on them. Everything the need to live and fight needs to be within reach. Sure when times were good units would have supply wagons to take some of the burden, but when speed of march is an issue it would not be unusually for the men be a day or two ahead of the wagons. This diagram breaks down how much each piece of a soldiers kit weighed. A little hard to read, so I will break it down here.

Knapsack that contained a wool blanket, gum blanket, shelter half and personal items 16 lbs

Canteen with one quart of water 3 lbs

Haversack with 3 days marching rations 7 lbs

Cap pouch, Waist belt, Bayonet and Scabbard 3 lbs

Shoes and Clothes 5 lbs

Cartridge box and 40 rounds of ammunition 5 lbs

Extra Ammunition (In pockets) 2 lbs

Rifle-Musket 9 lbs

In total about 50 lbs of kit. A normal march would be between 6 and 8 miles a day (sometimes up to 20 or more). In the warm weather of campaign season wearing a wool uniform that does not make for a comfortable day. One thing that the Union troops found out early in the war was that all that equipment tended to make running away much more difficult, so they would ditch anything they could. A long trail of debris would mark the path of a retreating unit. Of course to the pursuing Confederate forces this was a windfall as they could pick up the leftovers and do pretty well.

 

Thanksgiving Proclamation 1900

A Thanksgiving Surrender?
Too Late. Get in my belly!

Happy Thanksgiving Week!

In the spirit of being thankful and spending time with family this week we will be sharing a couple fo the Thanksgiving Proclamations that have been put out by various American Presidents.

Today’s proclamation is from 1900 from the desk of President McKinley. So why chose this one? This was an interesting time for the United States. After defeating Spain in the last war we now had a bit of an overseas empire and was on our way to being a player on the world stage. Even as we prospered there were still issues. In the year before this proclamation a massive hurricane wiped out Galveston, Texas and that is not an exaggeration. We have seen a number of hurricanes this year. The Gulf Coast is still rebuilding and our friends and family in Puerto Rico will be recovering for years. Galveston rebuilt and so will Houston, San Juan, and everywhere else effected. Our thoughts are with all of you.

The Proclamation

 

                                    William McKinley

By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
It has pleased Almighty God to bring our nation in safety and honor through another year. The works of religion and charity have everywhere been manifest. Our country through all its extent has been blessed with abundant harvests. Labor and the great industries of the people have prospered beyond all precedent. Our commerce has spread over the world. Our power and influence in the cause of freedom and enlightenment have extended over distant seas and lands. The lives of our official representatives and many of our people in China have been marvelously preserved. We have been generally exempt from pestilence and other great calamities; and even the tragic visitation which overwhelmed the city of Galveston made evident the sentiments of sympathy and Christian charity by virtue of which we are one united people.

Now, therefore, I, William McKinley, President of the United States, do hereby appoint and set apart Thursday, the 29th of November next, to be observed by all the people of the United States, at home or abroad, as a day of thanksgiving and praise to Him who holds the nations in the hollow of His hand. I recommend that they gather in their several places of worship and devoutly give Him thanks for the prosperity wherewith He has endowed us, for seed-time and harvest, for the valor, devotion and humanity of our armies and navies, and for all His benefits to us as individuals and as a nation; and that they humbly pray for the continuance of His Divine favor, for concord and amity with other nations, and for righteousness and peace in all our ways.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington this 29th day of October, A.D. 1900, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-fifth.

WILLIAM MCKINLEY

By the President:

JOHN HAY,

Secretary of State.

Wednesday Words & Phrases: Turkey

Image result for turkeys

Welcome to Wednesday Words & Phrases: Thanksgiving Edition!

 

Today’s word is Turkey. Sure no military meaning behind it, but I thought it was kind of cool. So why not?

First The Turks

The first thing that you need to know is that the term Turkey had been used since the 1300’s to refer to any land that was occupied by the Turks. Officially the area was the Ottoman Empire until 1922 when the Republic of Turkey was established.

Now the Turkey

In the 1540s, guinea fowl, a type of bird that was imported from Madagascar through Turkey (anatolia or The Ottoman Empire), was commonly referred to as turkey. The bird most North Americans now enjoy on Thanksgiving received its name because it was identified as a species of the guinea fowl.

 

So yes, the country and the bird are related. Who knew?

Thanksgiving Proclamation 1938

A Thanksgiving Turkey
That’s right little guy. Smile while you can…

 

Happy Thanksgiving Week!

In the spirit of being thankful and spending time with family this week we will be sharing a couple fo the Thanksgiving Proclamations that have been put out by various American Presidents.

Today’s proclamation is from 1938 from the desk of President Roosevelt. The winds of war were blowing in Europe. The Great Depression was still effecting the US. There was a lot of uncertainty in the world. With this brief proclamation the President emphasis the one simple phrase that would see the country through the coming storm. “In God We Trust.”

 

The 1938 Thanksgiving Proclamation

 

 

                         Franklin D. Roosevelt

By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Thursday, the twenty-fourth of November, 1938, as a day of general thanksgiving.

Our Fathers set aside such a day as they hewed a nation from the primeval forest. The observance was consecrated when George Washington issued a Thanksgiving proclamation in the first year of his presidency. Abraham Lincoln set apart “a Day of Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the heavens.”

Thus from our earliest recorded history, Americans have thanked God for their blessings. In our deepest natures, in our very souls, we, like all mankind since the earliest origin of mankind, turn to God in time of trouble and in time of happiness. “In God We Trust.”

For the blessings which have been ours during the present year we have ample cause to be thankful.

Our lands have yielded a goodly harvest, and the toiler in shop and mill receives a more just return for his labor.

We have cherished and preserved our democracy.

We have lived in peace and understanding with our neighbors and have seen the world escape the impending disaster of a general war.

In the time of our fortune it is fitting that we offer prayers for unfortunate people in other lands who are in dire distress at this our Thanksgiving Season.

Let us remember them in our families and our churches when, on the day appointed, we offer our thanks to Almighty God. May we by our way of living merit the continuance of His goodness.


FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT